Thermo-Responsive Nanofiber Mats observation in liquid

AFM images of a single poly(NIPA-co-SA) nanofiber measured at 25°C (a) and 40°C (b) with a thermostatic solution-cell by dynamic mode.
Note that AFM images of parts (a) and (b) represent the same area.
(c) Temperature-modulated AFM image measured by a dynamic mode in about 20 minutes where the solution-cell is heated from 25 to 40°C when scanning starts.
(Prof. Hidenori Okuzaki: University of Yamanashi)