Petroleum and Petroleum-based Chemicals
Hydrocarbon Processing Industry (Petrochemical)
The Hydrocarbon Processing Industry (HPI) encompasses petroleum refining, gas processing, petrochemicals and chemicals, and is a foundational field for many other industries. It is broadly comprised of three segments: upstream, in which oil and natural gas are explored and acquired; midstream, in which the raw materials are transported to refineries; and downstream, where raw materials are turned into value-added, end-user products such as fuels, plastics, and petrochemicals.
In the HPI, analysis of chemical and physical properties is essential, from exploration and drilling to refining and delivery of finished products. Shimadzu offers a wide range of analytical and measuring instruments from Gas Chromatography (GC) systems and elemental analyzers to on-line water quality analyzers and other solutions to meet the requirements of companies in the hydrocarbon processing industry. Learn more about these solutions below.
Analytical Techniques
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Industrial gas (incl. Gas for Semiconductor manufacturing)
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Engine
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Related Documents
Hydrocarbon Analysis by Chromatography
Gas Chromatography
System GC (GC Analyzers)
Applicable Methods
Natural Gas Analysis (ASTM D1945/D1946/D3588, GPA 2177/2186/2261/2286, ISO 6975)
Refinery Gas Analysis (ASTM D2163/D7833, UOP 539)
Gasoline/Fuel Analysis (ASTM D3606/D4815/D5580/D7423, UOP 960)
Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis (ASTM D5134/D6729/D6730/D6733)
VUV PIONA+ Analysis (ASTM D8071)
Transformer Oil Gas Analysis (ASTM D3612)
Simulated Distillation Analysis (ASTM D2887/D3710/D6352/D7213/D7500/D7169, ISO 3924)
Trace Sulfur Analysis (ASTM D5504/D5623/D6228/D7011)
Fuel dilution analysis of engine lubricants (ASTM D3524/D3525/D7593)
Other Various Standard compliant systems
Liquid Chromatography
Applicable Methods
Individual Furanic Components in Transformer Oil (ASTM D5837, IEC 60666, BS 148)
Aromatics in Fuel Oil (ASTM D6379/D6591, EN 12916, IP391/436/548)
Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry
Applicable Methods
Volatile Organic Compounds analysis (EPA 8270B)
Arsine Phosphine in Ethylene (Reference methods: UOP1022, UOP1023)
Chemical Species in Marine Fuel Oil (ASTM D7845)
Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry
Applicable Methods
Additives in Polymers analysis
Elemental Analysis
ICP Emission Spectrometer
Applicable Method
Elements analysis in Lubricating oil and Fuel oil (ASTM D4951/D5185, UOP 389/303/714, APHA 3120)
ICP Mass Spectrometer
Applicable Method
Trace Elements analysis in Naphtha
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Applicable Method
Elements analysis in Oil and Water Additives in Polymers (ASTM D6595/D3237/D3567/D3605/D3635/D3831/D3919/D4628)
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer
Applicable Method
TOC Analyzer
Applicable Method
Total Organic Carbon Analysis in Various Type of Water, High Salt Content Water (ASTM D7573, EN 1484, EPA 415.1, APHA 5310B)
On-line TOC Analyzer
Applicable Method
On-line Water Quality Analysis
Oil and Fuel analysis by Molecular Spectroscopy
FTIR Spectrophotometer
Applicable Method
FAME analysis in Biodiesel (ASTM D7371, EN 14078)
Condition Monitoring of Lubricant oil (ASTM E2412/D7418/D7414/D7415/D7412)
UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
Applicable Method
Naphthalene analysis in Turbine Fuels (ASTM D1840)
Analysis of Ultraviolet Absorbance (ASTM D2008)
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Applicable Method
Measuring Oil in Water (ASTM D5412)
Materials Characterization
Thermal Analyzers
Applicable Method
Thermal Properties of Polymers DSC, TGA, TG/DTA, TMA
Particle Size Analyzer
Applicable Method
Particle Size Analysis
Testing Machines
Applicable Method
Determination of tensile properties (ISO 527, JIS K7161)
Tensile Test for Plastics (ASTM D638)
ASTM Standards
| No. | Title | System Details |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM E2412 | Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry | FTIR Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D638 | Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics | Tensile Test Methods for Plastics |
| ASTM D1840 | Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry | UV-Vis-NIR Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D2008 | Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products | |
| ASTM D1894 | Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting | Testing Machine |
| ASTM D1945 | Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography | Natural Gas Analysis LPG Analysis System |
| ASTM D1946 | Standard Practice for Analysis of Reformed Gas by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D3588 | Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor, and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels | |
| ASTM D2163 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography | RGA System High-speed RGA System Extend RGA System |
| ASTM D2504 | Standard Test Method for Noncondensable Gases in C2 and Lighter Hydrocarbon Products by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D7833 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons and Non-Hydrocarbon Gases in Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D2887 | Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography | Distillation Gas Chromatograph System |
| ASTM D3710 | Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline and Gasoline Fractions by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D5307 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Crude Petroleum by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D6352 | Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in Boiling Range from 174℃ to 700℃ by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D6417 | Standard Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D7096 | Standard Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D7169 | Standard Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and Vacuum Residues by High Temperature Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D7500 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Distillates and Lubricating Base Oils - in Boiling Range from 100℃ to 735℃ by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D3237 | Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy | Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D3605 | Standard Test Method for Trace Metals in Gas Turbine Fuels by Atomic Absorption and Flame Emission Spectroscopy | |
| ASTM D3635 | Standard Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry | |
| ASTM D3831 | Standard Test Method for Manganese in Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy | |
| ASTM D3919 | Standard Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry | |
| ASTM D4628 | Standard Test Method for Analysis of Barium, Calcium, Magnesium, and Zinc in Unused Lubricating Oils by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry | |
| ASTM D5863 | Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry | |
| ASTM D6595 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Wear Metals and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils or Used Hydraulic Fluids by Rotating Disc Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometry | |
| ASTM D3524 | Standard Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography | Gas Chromatography |
| ASTM D3525 | Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D3606 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Spark Ignition Fuels by Gas Chromatography | Gasoline/Fuel Analysis System |
| ASTM D4815 | Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D5580 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D7423 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4, and C5 Hydrocarbon Matrices by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection | |
| ASTM D3612 | Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography | Transformer Oil Gas Analysis System (TOGA) |
| ASTM D3695 | Standard Test Method for Volatile Alcohols in Water by Direct Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography | Alcohol in Water Analysis System |
| ASTM D4294 | Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry | Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D5839 | Standard Test Method for Trace Element Analysis of Hazardous Waste Fuel by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry | |
| ASTM D4492 | Standard Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography | Impurities in Benzene Analysis System |
| ASTM D4735 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography | Trace Sulfur Analysis System |
| ASTM D5504 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence | |
| ASTM D5623 | Standard Test Method for Sulfur Compounds in Light Petroleum Liquids by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective Detection | |
| ASTM D7011 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective Detection | |
| ASTM D6228 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Flame Photometric Detection | |
| ASTM D4951 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry | Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D5501 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethanol and Methanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20% Ethanol by Gas Chromatography | Gas Chromatography |
| ASTM D5184 | Standard Test Methods for Determination of Aluminum and Silicon in Fuel Oils by Ashing, Fusion, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry | Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D5185 | Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) | |
| ASTM D5708 | Standard Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, and Iron in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Atomic Emission Spectrometry | |
| ASTM D5134 | Standard Test Method for Detailed Analysis of Petroleum Naphthas through n-Nonane by Capillary Gas Chromatography | Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis (DHA) System |
| ASTM D6729 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D6730 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 - Metre Capillary (with Precolumn) High-Resolution Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D6733 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 50 - Metre Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography | |
| ASTM D8071 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbon Group Types and Select Hydrocarbon and Oxygenate Compounds in Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection (GC-VUV) | VUV PIONA+ Analyzer |
| ASTM D5186 | Standard Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography | Supercritical Fluid Chromatograph System |
| ASTM D5412 | Standard Test Method for Quantification of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures or Petroleum Oils in Water | Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D5713 | Standard Test Method for Analysis of High Purity Benzene for Cyclohexane Feedstock by Capillary Gas Chromatography | High Purity Benzene Analysis System |
| ASTM D5837 | Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) | Liquid Chromatography |
| ASTM D6379 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates - High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection | Aromatics Analysis HPLC System |
| ASTM D6591 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates - High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection | |
| ASTM D6584 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Monoglycerides, Total Diglycerides, Total Triglycerides, and Free and Total Glycerin in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters by Gas Chromatography | Analysis of Glycerin in Biodiesel Fuel |
| ASTM D7573 | Standard Test Method for Total Carbon and Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Catalytic Combustion and Infrared Detection | Total Organic Carbon Analysis |
| ASTM D7371 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method) | FTIR Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D7575 | Standard Test Method for Solvent-Free Membrane Recoverable Oil and Grease by Infrared Determination | FTIR Spectroscopy |
| ASTM D7593 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography | Gas Chromatography |
| ASTM D7845 | Determination of Chemical Species in Marine Fuel Oil in accordance with ASTM D 7845 by GC-MS | Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry |
ISO Standards
| No. | Title | System Details |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 178 | Plastics -- Determination of flexural properties | Flexural Test Methods for Plastics: ISO 178 and JIS K 7171 |
| ISO 527 | Plastics -- Determination of tensile properties | Tensile Test Methods for Plastics: ISO 527 and JIS K 7161 |
| ISO 3924 | Petroleum products -- Determination of boiling range distribution -- Gas chromatography method | Distillation Gas Chromatograph System |
| ISO 6892 | Metallic materials -- Tensile testing | Universal / Tensile Testing Machine |
| ISO 6974-3 | Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 3: Determination of hydrogen, helium, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons up to C8 using two packed columns | Natural Gas Analysis LPG Analysis System |
| ISO 6974-4 | Natural gas -- Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gas chromatography -- Part 4: Determination of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C1 to C5 and C6+ hydrocarbons for a laboratory and on-line measuring system using two columns | |
| ISO 8754 | Petroleum products -- Determination of sulfur content -- Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry | Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
| ISO 20847 | Petroleum products -- Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels -- Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry | |
| ISO 14782 | Plastics - Determination of haze for transparent materials | UV-VIS Spectrophotometer with Integrating Sphere Attachment |
| ISO 29581-2 | Cement - Test methods - Part 2: Chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence | Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy |
Other Standards
| No. | Title | System Details |
|---|---|---|
| EN 1484 | Water analysis. Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) | Total Organic Carbon Analysis |
| EN 12916 | Petroleum products - Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates - High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection | Liquid Chromatography |
| EN 14078 | Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content in middle distillates. Infrared spectrometry method | FTIR Spectroscopy |
| EN 14103 | Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of ester and linolenic acid methyl ester contents | Gas Chromatography |
| EN 14105 | Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of free and total glycerol and mono-, di-, triglyceride contents | |
| EN 14110 | Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) - Determination of methanol content | |
| EN 15199 | Petroleum products - Determination of boiling range distribution by gas chromatography method. Crude oil | Distillation Gas Chromatograph System |
| EPA 415.1 | Organic Carbon, Total (Combustion or Oxidation) | Total Organic Carbon Analysis |
| EPA 625 | Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GC/MS | Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry |
| EPA 8270 | Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) | |
| GPA 2177 | Analysis of Natural Gas Liquid Mixtures Containing Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide by Gas Chromatography | Natural Gas Analysis System |
| GPA 2186 | Method for the Extended Analysis of Hydrocarbon Liquid Mixtures Containing Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide by Temperature Programmed Gas Chromatography | |
| GPA 2261 | Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Gas Chromatography |
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| GPA 2286 | Method for the Extended Analysis for Natural Gas and Similar Gaseous Mixtures by Temperature Program Gas Chromatography | |
| IP 391 | Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates - High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection | Liquid Chromatography |
| IP 436 | Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in aviation fuels and petroleum distillates - High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection | |
| IP 548 | Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates - High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection | |
| IP 406 | Determination of boiling range distribution by gas chromatography | Distillation Gas Chromatograph System |
| IP 480 | Determination of boiling range distribution by gas chromatography method - Part 1: Middle distillates and lubricating base oils | |
| IP 507 | Determination of boiling range distribution by gas chromatography method - Part 2: Heavy distillates and residual fuels | |
| IP 585 | Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), derived from bio-diesel fuel, in aviation turbine fuel - GC-MS with selective ion monitoring/scan detection method | Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry |
| IP 590 | Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in aviation turbine fuel - HPLC evaporative light scattering detector method | Liquid Chromatography |
| JIS K-2254 | Petroleum products - Determination of distillation characteristics | Distillation Gas Chromatograph System |
| JIS K-2536-2 | Liquid petroleum products - Testing method of components Part 2: Determination of total components by gas chromatography |
PONA Analysis (GC) |
| JIS K 7136 | Plastics-Determination of haze for transparent materials | Haze Evaluation of Plastic Sheets and Films - Haze Measurement Using ISR-1503 Integrating Sphere Attachment - |
| JIS K 7161 | Plastics-Determination of tensile properties | Tensile Test Methods for Plastics: ISO 527 and JIS K 7161 |
| JIS K 7171 | Plastics-Determination of flexural properties | Flexural Test Methods for Plastics: ISO 178 and JIS K 7171 |
| JIS K 7312 | Physical testing methods for molded products of thermosetting polyurethane elastomers | Measurement of Friction Coefficients of Films |
| UOP 539 | Refinery Gas Analysis by GC | RGA System High-speed RGA System Extend RGA System |
| UOP 543 | Trace Non-Aromatic Hydrocarbons in High-Purity Aromatics by GC | Non-Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aromatics |
| UOP 551 | C6 and Lower Boiling Hydrocarbons in Olefin Free Naphthas by GC | C6 and Lower Boiling Hydrocarbons in Olefin Free Naphthas |
| UOP 603 | Trace CO and CO2 in Hydrogen and Light Gaseous Hydrocarbons by GC | Trace CO and CO2 in Hydrogen/ Light Gaseous Hydrocarbons |
| UOP 621 | Boiling Point Distribution of Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography | Boiling Point Distributions of Liquid Hydrocarbons |
| UOP 690 | C8 and Lower Boiling Paraffins and Naphthenes in Low-Olefin Hydrocarbons by GC | Octans and Lower Boiling Hydrocarbons in Olefin-Free Gasolines |
| UOP 720 | Impurities in, and Purity of, High Purity p-Xylene by GC | Impurities in p-Xylene Analysis |
| UOP 725 | Pentenes and Lower Boiling Hydrocarbons in Olefinic Gasolines by GC | Lower Boiling Hydrocarbons in Olefinic Gasolines |
| UOP 744 | Aromatics in Hydrocarbons by GC | C10 or Lower Boiling Aromatics Analysis |
| UOP 798 | Trace p-DEB or Indan in C8 Aromatics and Trace C8 Aromatics in p-DEB by GC | p-DEB in C8 Aromatics Analysis |
| UOP 831 | Hydrocarbons in Sulfolane by GC | Hydrocarbons in Sulfolane Analysis |
| UOP 868 | Trace Saturates in High Purity Aromatics by GC | Trace Saturates in Pure Aromatics |
| UOP 870 | Carbon Number Distribution of Paraffins, Naphthenes and Aromatics by GC | Carbon Number Distribution of Paraffins, Naphthenes and Aromatics |
| UOP 899 | Trace Hydrocarbons in Hydrogen, Hydrocarbon Gases or LPG by GC | Trace Hydrocarbons in LPG Analysis |
| UOP 931 | Trace Impurities in Mixed Xylenes by GC | Trace Impurities in Xylenes |
| UOP 960 | Trace Oxygenated Hydrocarbons in Gaseous, LPG and Liquid Hydrocarbon Streams by GC | Trace Oxygenated Hydrocarbons in Liquid Hydrocarbon Streams |